Comparisons of diverse animal genomes have shown that a network of gene linkages is deeply conserved, albeit with considerable changes in gene order, a property referred to as conserved synteny or macro-synteny. Using data from several ongoing studies across metazoans, I will present the impact of chromosomal-scale assemblies on our evolutionary inferences of the invertebrate chromosomal complement. In particular, we use these deeply conserved syntenies to infer the evolutionary dynamics of proto-vertebrate genomes by comparing extant vertebrate sequences with a chromosome-scale assembly of amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate whose lineage diverged prior to the emergence of vertebrates. We find large-scale correspondence of the extant amphioxus chromosomes to the inferred ancestral linkage groups. We can resolve two successive genome-wide duplications in the lineage leading to jawed vertebrates, separated by a period of extensive chromosome fusions and rearrangement. We furthermore identify asymmetric retention of genes across vertebrate karyotypes, indicative of allotetraploidy, or chromosome doubling after hybridization. Finally, I will compare this evolutionary history to other chromosomal-scale dynamics observed in invertebrate lineages, in particular cephalopods.
Comparisons of diverse animal genomes have shown that a network of gene linkages is deeply conserved, albeit with considerable changes in gene order, a property referred to as conserved synteny or macro-synteny. Using data from several ongoing studies across metazoans, I will present the impact of chromosomal-scale assemblies on our evolutionary inferences of the invertebrate chromosomal complement. In particular, we use these deeply conserved syntenies to infer the evolutionary dynamics of proto-vertebrate genomes by comparing extant vertebrate sequences with a chromosome-scale assembly of amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate whose lineage diverged prior to the emergence of vertebrates. We find large-scale correspondence of the extant amphioxus chromosomes to the inferred ancestral linkage groups. We can resolve two successive genome-wide duplications in the lineage leading to jawed vertebrates, separated by a period of extensive chromosome fusions and rearrangement. We furthermore identify asymmetric retention of genes across vertebrate karyotypes, indicative of allotetraploidy, or chromosome doubling after hybridization. Finally, I will compare this evolutionary history to other chromosomal-scale dynamics observed in invertebrate lineages, in particular cephalopods.
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