Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae) is the largest monophyletic group of freshwater fishes found in Australia and New Guinea, with 109 species currently described. Despite its high diversity, this group remains poorly studied cytogenetically, since karyotype data are available from only about 5% of species. In this study, we describe karyotypes of three Australian rainbowfish species, Running River rainbowfish (Melanotaenia sp.), red rainbowfish Glossolepis incisus and Cairns rainbowfish Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides, representing two close related and one more divergent rainbowfish species. All three species has diploid 2n = 48. We also analysed heterochromatin distributions by C-banding, AT/GC organization of genome by CMA3 staining, location of rDNA sites and location of TTAGGG telomeric sequences by FISH. No sex chromosome heteromorphy was detected using standard and advanced cytogenetic (e.g. CGH). Our data suggest uniformity in Melanotaeniidae diploid number, however, we detected variable chromosome structures and variability in heterochromatin distributions and NOR location. Results of this study shed light into genome evolution within Rainbowfishes.
Acknowledgements: The study has been supported by the project No. MSM200451701 from the Czech Academy of Sciences and the project EXCELLENCE CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000460 OP RDE and RVO: 67985904.
Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae) is the largest monophyletic group of freshwater fishes found in Australia and New Guinea, with 109 species currently described. Despite its high diversity, this group remains poorly studied cytogenetically, since karyotype data are available from only about 5% of species. In this study, we describe karyotypes of three Australian rainbowfish species, Running River rainbowfish (Melanotaenia sp.), red rainbowfish Glossolepis incisus and Cairns rainbowfish Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides, representing two close related and one more divergent rainbowfish species. All three species has diploid 2n = 48. We also analysed heterochromatin distributions by C-banding, AT/GC organization of genome by CMA3 staining, location of rDNA sites and location of TTAGGG telomeric sequences by FISH. No sex chromosome heteromorphy was detected using standard and advanced cytogenetic (e.g. CGH). Our data suggest uniformity in Melanotaeniidae diploid number, however, we detected variable chromosome structures and variability in heterochromatin distributions and NOR location. Results of this study shed light into genome evolution within Rainbowfishes.
Acknowledgements: The study has been supported by the project No. MSM200451701 from the Czech Academy of Sciences and the project EXCELLENCE CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000460 OP RDE and RVO: 67985904.
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