Physical mapping of unique nucleotide sequences on specific rice chromosome regions was performed using a combination of chromosome identification and highly sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH is an effective method for the physical mapping of genes and repetitive DNA sequences on chromosomes. Increases in the detection sensitivity of smaller DNA sequences and improvements in spatial resolution have ushered in a new phase in FISH technology. Thus, it is now possible to perform FISH on somatic chromosomes, pachytene chromosomes, and even on extended DNA fibers (EDFs). Pachytene-FISH allows the integration mapping of genetic linkage maps and quantitative chromosome maps. Visualization methods using FISH can reveal the spatial organization of the centromere, heterochromatin/euchromatin, and the terminal structures of rice chromosomes. Furthermore, EDF-FISH and the DNA combing technique can resolve a spatial distance of 1 kb between adjacent DNA sequences, and the detection of even a 300-bp target is now feasible. The copy numbers of various repetitive sequences and the sizes of various DNA molecules were quantitatively measured using the molecular combing technique. Analysis of nuclear DNA and proteins would reveal nuclear structure and gene functions in plant development. This study describes the significance of these advances in molecular cytogenetics in rice and Brassicaceae. I discusses future applications in plant genetics and breeding studies using high sensitivity visualization techniques.
Physical mapping of unique nucleotide sequences on specific rice chromosome regions was performed using a combination of chromosome identification and highly sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH is an effective method for the physical mapping of genes and repetitive DNA sequences on chromosomes. Increases in the detection sensitivity of smaller DNA sequences and improvements in spatial resolution have ushered in a new phase in FISH technology. Thus, it is now possible to perform FISH on somatic chromosomes, pachytene chromosomes, and even on extended DNA fibers (EDFs). Pachytene-FISH allows the integration mapping of genetic linkage maps and quantitative chromosome maps. Visualization methods using FISH can reveal the spatial organization of the centromere, heterochromatin/euchromatin, and the terminal structures of rice chromosomes. Furthermore, EDF-FISH and the DNA combing technique can resolve a spatial distance of 1 kb between adjacent DNA sequences, and the detection of even a 300-bp target is now feasible. The copy numbers of various repetitive sequences and the sizes of various DNA molecules were quantitatively measured using the molecular combing technique. Analysis of nuclear DNA and proteins would reveal nuclear structure and gene functions in plant development. This study describes the significance of these advances in molecular cytogenetics in rice and Brassicaceae. I discusses future applications in plant genetics and breeding studies using high sensitivity visualization techniques.
2B9 - Building 2 GSA2018_APCC6 GSACC62018@canberra.edu.au
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