Marsupial and eutherian X chromosome inactivation (XCI) share a common origin. This explains the overlapping histone code present on the inactive X in each group, but it fails to explain other fundamental molecular differences. In eutherians, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) XIST associates with epigenetic machinery and ribonuclear proteins to direct XCI. In marsupials, an independently evolved lncRNA – called RSX – is responsible for mediating silencing, but little is known about how it functions. Here we demonstrate that RSX interacts with many proteins responsible for epigenetic silencing, which it probably directs to the X chromosome to be silenced. Marsupial XCI is often considered the primitive cousin of eutherian XCI; however, our data highlight layers of independently evolved RNA mediated XCI complexities that are far from primitive.
Marsupial and eutherian X chromosome inactivation (XCI) share a common origin. This explains the overlapping histone code present on the inactive X in each group, but it fails to explain other fundamental molecular differences. In eutherians, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) XIST associates with epigenetic machinery and ribonuclear proteins to direct XCI. In marsupials, an independently evolved lncRNA – called RSX – is responsible for mediating silencing, but little is known about how it functions. Here we demonstrate that RSX interacts with many proteins responsible for epigenetic silencing, which it probably directs to the X chromosome to be silenced. Marsupial XCI is often considered the primitive cousin of eutherian XCI; however, our data highlight layers of independently evolved RNA mediated XCI complexities that are far from primitive.
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